Quasi-one dimensional iron oxide nanowires with flat needle shape were synthesized on the iron powders by a rather simple catalyst-free thermal oxidation process in ambient atmosphere. The characterization by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) revealed that these nanostructures are single crystalline α-Fe2O3. The various dimensions with 40-170 nm in width and 1-8 μm in length were obtained by tuning the growth temperature from 280 to 480°C. A surface diffusion mechanism was proposed to account for the growth of quasi-one dimensional nanostructure. The typical α-Fe2O3 nanowires synthesized at 430°C had a reduced Morin temperature TM of 131 K in comparison with their bulk counterpart. The coercivitis Hc of these nanowires are 321 and 65 Oe at 5 and 300 K, respectively. The temperature of synthesis also has important effects on the magnetic properties of these nanowires.
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