某型液压泵上1Cr18Ni9不锈钢柱塞弹簧在工作4 h后断裂成4段;采用宏观分析、断口微观形貌分析、金相检查、硬度和渗氮层厚度测量等手段对弹簧断裂性质和原因进行了分析.结果表明:弹簧断裂性质为疲劳断裂,断裂起源于弹簧内侧的一表面轴向裂纹;该轴向裂纹产生于不锈钢丝的拉拔过程中,在使用环境下发生应力腐蚀,促进了裂纹的扩展,最终使弹簧在油压循环应力作用下发生疲劳断裂.
An 1Cr18Ni9 stainless steel plunger spring in a hydraulic pump fractured into 4 sections after service for 4 h. The fracture failure reason was analyzed by macroscopic analysis fracture observation, metallurgical structure inspection, hardness testing and measurement of the nitriding layer depth. The results show that thefracture mode of the spring was fatigue fracture, and the fracture origin was the axial direction crack of the spring inner side of surface. The cracking occurred during the process of drawing, and then stress corrosion which occured in operating environment promoted the propagation of the cracks, leading to the final fatigue fracture with the oil pressure circulating stress.
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