根据电子束表面扫描过程的实际情况,建立了铝合金电子束表面扫描处理的温度场有限元模型,分析了电子束处理后表面熔池的形态。仿真过程中,考虑了试样表面的热辐射和材料的相变,并用实验验证了仿真结果,讨论了电子束加速电压、下束时间对熔池尺寸的影响。结果表明：采用电子束表面处理技术,在铝合金材料表面可以获得细小的晶粒组织;在温度场的仿真过程中,模拟得到的熔池的尺寸与实验所测相吻合;仿真得到试样表面温度场分布均匀,试样表面的温度场呈带状分布,横截面处的温度场分布呈梯度分布;熔池的深度和宽度随着电子束加速电压和下束时间的增加而增加。
A finite element model was established to characterize the temperature field of 6061 aluminum alloy surface modification by electron beam.The phase transformation and thermal radiation of the alloy was taken into account,and the influence of processing parameters to size of molten pool,including the accelerating voltage of electron beam and the processing time,was discussed in the simulation.The results show the fine grain structure of the alloy is obtained after electron beam treatment.The experimental results show that the simulated molten pool shape is in good agreement with that of experiment.With the increase of the loading time and the accelerating voltage of electron beam,the depth and width of molten pool also increases.
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