熔钎焊是抑制或减少钢/铝异种金属激光焊接过程中FeAl脆性金属间化合物产生的有效工艺方法.采用光纤激光器,不添加任何钎料,对1.2 mm厚DC56D+ZF镀锌钢和6016铝合金平板试件进行激光搭接焊试验,利用MATLAB软件,针对焊接过程的实际情况,在一定的基本假设下建立准稳态下钢/铝异种金属激光焊接熔池形状的数学模型,基于准稳态形状控制方程数值计算获得的熔池几何形状分布,结合试验来调整焊接工艺参数,获得最佳焊接成形,利用卧式金相显微镜、扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪等手段研究焊接接头各区域的金相组织、主要元素分布与物相组成.结果表明:焊接激光束照射搭接在钢板上的铝板对接焊缝时,焊接功率和焊接速度对熔池几何形状的影响较大,随着激光功率的增大,熔深增加；而随着焊接速度的增加,熔深却变浅.当焊接功率为1 600～1 800W、焊接速度v=30 mm/s、离焦量D=0 mm时,焊缝成形性良好,无明显裂纹、气孔等缺陷,焊接接头区域存在一个台阶状结构,在平台区域,钢/铝两钟金属存在明显的界限,界面结合依靠液态的铝在钢母材表面上的润湿、填充和铺展等作用；下凹区域,钢/铝熔合较好,Fe和Al元素的混合区宽度较大,未形成明显的FeAl脆性金属间化合物,Fe和Al的热扩散是该区域界面结合的主要原因.
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