超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)无纬布是制作软质防弹衣的主要材料.首先通过实验研究了UHMWPE无纬布在准静态载荷下的拉伸、面内剪切和冲压式剪切特性.实验表明,UHMWPE无纬布在准静态拉伸过程中发生突然的脆性断裂,拉伸强度约为641 MPa;面内剪切实验中试件的力-位移曲线呈现明显的非线性,材料在受力方向发生了塑性强化,试件的主要失效形式为基体的剪切破坏,失效后纤维夹角从90°减小到74°;设计制造了一套用于测量UHMWPE无纬布沿厚度方向剪切强度的夹具,实验得到该型无纬布的剪切强度约为168MPa.随后采用壳单元建立对应的有限元模型,对拉伸实验和冲压式剪切实验过程进行数值模拟.拉伸数值结果在最大拉力、拉伸强度和失效应变等指标上与实验结果较一致,并给出了拉伸过程中试件中的应力分布情况;冲压式剪切数值结果给出了剪切失效部位每层单元的应力变化情况.
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