界面相对陶瓷基复合材料的力学性能有极其重要的作用,其主要作用包括载荷传递、力学熔断、缓解残余应力和保护增强纤维,在此基础上提出了界面相的设计原则.氮化硼具有类似热解炭的层状晶体结构和优于热解炭的抗氧化性能,此外还具有优异的耐高温和化学惰性,氧化产物(B2O3)具有裂纹弥合作用,因此发展成为重要的耐高温陶瓷基复合材料的界面相材料.阐述了氮化硼界面相的结构和功能特点,介绍了氮化硼界面相在SiG/SiC、Cf/SiC、金属基复合材料、玻璃陶瓷基复合材料中的研究现状.总结了界面相的组成、结构和厚度等因素与材料性能的关系规律.综述了氮化硼界面相制备方法,并分析了各种方法的优缺点.最后指出,构建完善的氮化硼界面相对材料性能影响的物理模型,将是氮化硼界面相在今后的发展方向,获得特定结构的氮化硼界面相涂层是今后研究的难点和重点.
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