采用磁场辅助固化工艺,制备了纳米碳包镍/环氧树脂复合材料,用SEM观察了复合材料的微观组织,测量了复合材料的直流电学特性,考察了磁场强度、纳米粒子含量、温度对电性能的影响.在无磁场情况下固化时,纳米粒子在环氧树脂中均匀分布;而施加磁场后,纳米粒子在基体中以纤维状线性排列;施加的磁场越大,纤维组织发育得越粗壮,获得的复合材料的电阻率越小.复合材料的I-U曲线呈现非线性特征,表明电导机制依赖于导电粒子之间的隧道传递,电阻率随温度上升而下降,显示奇怪的负温度系数(NTC)效应,且可由填料含量、磁场强度调节.为解释NTC起源,提出一个修正的量子隧道模型.根据该模型,复合材料的NTC效应归因于占统治地位的电子热活化隧道传递;另一方面,环氧树脂的低膨胀率促成了这一效果.
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