研究了采用界面聚合制备复合纳滤膜的过程中,水相添加铵盐表面活性剂对纳滤膜理化性质、膜通量和截留率的影响,以及其在制备过程中的作用机理.樟脑磺酸-三乙胺(CSA-TEA)、四乙基氯化铵(TEAC)、四丁基溴化铵(TBAB)、苄基三甲基氯化铵(BTMAC)、苄基三乙基氯化铵(BTEAC)等5种常见的铵盐表面活性剂作为添加剂分别添加到水相中,通过场发射扫描电镜(SEM)、原子力扫描电镜(AFM)和红外光谱仪(ATR-FTIR)等手段分析了复合膜表面的形态和理化特性,采用错流过滤的方法测定了膜的过滤性能.结果表明:铵盐添加到水相后对复合纳滤膜表面形态影响明显,胺离子取代基尺寸越大,其表面粗糙度也越大,厚度也随之增加,膜的过滤和截留性能也有明显的改善,而且这些铵盐并没有存在于复合层中,其起到的是催化作用,并没有因参与界面聚合反应而被结合至活性选择层中,对500 mg/L的氯化钠溶液的截留率从27.7％提高到46％,而通量变化不大.
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