以添加稀土的Q345B钢为研究对象,运用固体与分子经验电子理论(Empirical Electron Theory,EET),建立了稀土低碳钢中相变行为的价电子结构模型,从电子层次揭示了稀土在低碳钢中的作用机理.理论计算结果表明,随着稀土Ce原子的固溶,原γ-Fe晶胞中Fe原子的混乱状态有所升高,这种较强的γ-Fe-Ce键形成规则排列,晶胞中参与结合的共价电子对数明显增加,高于γ-Fe晶胞的共价电子对数,这使得珠光体转变过程需要更大的过冷度才能完成,也即稀土钢的C-曲线临界温度降低,形成向下拖曳.同时,共价电子对数和相结构因子S的变化也促进了晶粒细化.利用EET理论预测稀土低碳钢相变结果与实测的CCT图结果吻合良好,验证了该方法的有效性和可靠性.
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