采用尿素水解法或吸附沉淀法制备了金属氧化物载体,并用浸渍法负载0.5%Pd制得了Pd/Sn0.4Zr0.6O2, Pd/ZrO2, Pd/SnO2, Pd/SnO2-Al2O3和Pd/Al2O3催化剂. 采用原位漫反射红外光谱、拉曼光谱、 X射线光电子能谱和程序升温还原等方法对催化剂结构进行了表征,探讨了不同载体对表面PdOx物种化学吸附性质和氧化还原性能的影响,并与样品的丙烷氧化活性相关联. 漫反射红外光谱表明,在Pd/SnO2-Al2O3中, Sn对Al2O3表面的Pd原子簇起到稀释作用,促进了Pd的分散,使得其CO线式吸附强度明显高于Pd/Al2O3, 但Pd过高的分散度不仅减少了表面Pd-PdO活性位对的数目,而且使反应中间物种Pd-OH之间脱水困难,因而阻塞了活性位,降低了其循环氧化还原活性; 而在Sn0.4Zr0.6O2复合氧化物载体中, SnO2有效地阻止了四方晶相ZrO2向稳态单斜晶相转变,且复合载体的比表面积较ZrO2和SnO2有所增加,其表面PdOx物种的分散度适中. 此外, Sn0.4Zr0.6O2复合氧化物负载的Pd的价态介于Pd0与Pd2+之间,表面氧空位较多,促进了丙烷中 C - H 键的活化,使比表面积较低的Pd/Sn0.4Zr0.6O2具有最好的催化丙烷氧化能力,相反比表面积较高的Pd/SnO2-Al2O3活性很差,说明分散度适中且具有较低氧化态的PdOx(0《x《1)微晶是丙烷氧化的主要活性相,而高分散PdOx物种对丙烷氧化活性不利.
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