气凝胶是一种新型的纳米多孔材料,其独特的性质与微观结构密切相关,本文结合气凝胶的制备过程阐述了气凝胶结构控制原理和方法.溶胶-凝胶过程是气凝胶结构形成的过程,催化剂浓度是主要的影响因素、对于硅气凝胶而言,催化剂浓度通过影响水解和缩聚的相对速率而影响凝胶结构,而对于酚醛气凝胶而言,催化剂浓度的影响体现在由交联诱发并控制的微相分离上.在凝胶干燥过程中、由于干燥应力的产生常使凝胶织构遭到破坏,本文对凝胶干燥过程中的应力进行了分析,并比较了几种维持凝胶织构的干燥方法.
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