采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法,对小型脉冲管制冷机进行了二维数值模拟,研究了脉冲管制冷机部件变截面处的结构非对称性对流场的影响.数值模拟结果观测到由非对称结构所引起的非对称流动,揭示了第三直流效应的产生机理,这种非对称流动以周期性演变的涡量环流的形式进行.涡量环流的演变是一个能量的耗散过程,文中还对比了不同输入功率和运行频率对涡量耗散的影响.此外,将数值模拟结果与实验实测结果进行对比,验证了数值模拟的有效性,并从涡量耗散的观点出发对小型脉冲管制冷机输入功率增加到一定程度后制冷温度升高的反常现象进行了解释.
A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method is performed to study the influences of the structural asymmetries on the oscillating flow distribution at cross sections in the pulse tube refrigerator.A two dimensional model has been used in the calculation.The asymmetric oscillating flow caused by the asymmetric structure of the cross sections develops in the form of periodically generating,transforming and shedding of vortices streaming.These processes are accompanied with energy dissipation.The effects of different input powers and different frequencies on the vortices dissipation are investigated.In addition,numerical result shows high reliability when compared with experimental work and our theory gives an explanation to the abnormal rise of the refrigeration temperature in our experiment when the input power exceeds a certain value.
参考文献
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