采用固体透氧膜(SOM)法直接电解还原Nb2O5制备金属Nb.在CaCl2熔盐体系中,电解电压控制为3.2V,以经过1 200℃预烧4 h成型的Nb2O5为阴极,氧化锆管内碳饱和的液态铜合金为阳极.研究电解时间分别为0.5、1、2和4 h以及不同温度下电解的特征规律和不同电解温度对阴极产物微结构的影响.结果表明:随着电解的进行,Nb2O5首先转变为Nb的一系列低价氧化物,进而才被还原成金属Nb;且随着实验温度的升高,电解速度相应加快,金属铌颗粒尺寸增大.与FFC法相比,SOM法具有更高的电解效率,1 150℃下的电解效率可达81.7%.
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