用抛光的恒位移试样跟踪观察了具有广泛拉伸强度范围的四种低合金钢在各种水溶液中(高纯水、阳极极化和阴极极化下的水溶液,0.1NK_2Cr_2O_7水溶液)以及含痕量水的有机溶剂中(无水酒精,丙酮等)应力腐蚀裂纹产生和扩展的动态过程。结果表明,当钢的强度和K_1大于临界值后,在所用的各种水溶液中都能产生氢致滞后塑性变形,即加载裂纹前端的塑性区及其变形量随时间而逐渐增大。当这个氢致滞后塑性变形发展到临界状态时,就会导致应力腐蚀裂纹的形核和扩展。无论是阳极极化、阴极极化还是加缓蚀剂均不改变这类滞后塑性变形的特征,也不改变滞后塑性变形和应力腐蚀裂纹的相互关系。
The dynamical processes of the nucleation and propagation of stress corrosion cracking(SCC) of four low alloy steels with a wide range of tensile strengths in aqueous media with various polarization conditions, in a K_2Cr_2O_7 inhibitor solution and in some organic solvent such as acetone and alcohol were traced with an optical microscope.Results show that if the tensile strength of the steel is higher than a critical value, which is different for different polarization conditions, and if K_1>K_(ISCC), the delayed plastic deformation occurs in all environments used, i.e.,the plastic zone in front of a loaded crack tip is enlarged with time. The nucleation and propagation of SCC will follow when this delayed plastic deformation develops to a critical condition. Neither anodic and cathodic polarization nor the addition of inhibitor can change the feature of the delayed plasticity and the nucleatioa and propagation of SCC in aqueous media. In all the environments used, K_(ISCC) increases and da/dt decreases with decreasing strength of the steel. Anodic polarization and the addition of the inhibitor make K_(ISCC) increase and da/dt decrease, while the effect of cathodic polarization is just the other way.
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