材料期刊网

锂作为最轻的金属,具有密度低、化学活性强等特性,因而锂及其化合物在可充电电池、电子器件、陶瓷、玻璃、医疗设备等领域有着不可替代的作用.锂云母矿为重要的锂资源之一,如何高效经济地分解锂云母和溶出其中的锂,是利用锂云母矿提取锂进而制备各类锂化合物的关键.本文主要对酸法、碱法和盐法三种分解锂云母技术和最新研究进展进行了评述:酸法可降低反应温度,但需要大量碱性物质中和余酸、除去溶液中的Al3+;碱法助剂廉价,环境比较友好,但废渣量大且难以全部利用;盐法可以在保证产率的同时使焙料蓬松,氯化物价格低廉,但硫酸盐溶液易形成复盐难以提纯,且氯化物对设备腐蚀严重.由此,在工业化利用锂云母矿时,需要从环境影响、锂的溶出率和设备寿命等方面,因地制宜地选择最适合的工艺技术.

As the lightest metal, lithium has a range of attributes that makes this metal become an irreplaceable candidate in series of fields.Extracting Lithium is becoming more and more considerable to meet the large amount of the global market''s demand.Lepidolite, one of the most important lithium resources, plays an important role in the industry of extracting lithium and producing lithium products through an efficient and effective way.Three latest methods of extracting lepidolite with different additives: acid, alkaline, and saline reagents are reviewed in this paper.At the same time, the advantages and disadvantages of each method are reviewed in details.The reaction temperature can be decreased via acid method while more alkaline matter is needed to neutralize the remaining acid and Al3+ is removed at the same time;The alkali method is more economic and environmental friendly, but the waste residue is hard to recycle completely;Different effects can be achieved via salt method by using different saline materials but it is also difficult to separate lithium due to the production of double salt.Using proper method in a particular circumstance can take the advantages of different methods.