纤维增强热塑性复合材料以其优异的综合性能被广泛用于大型民用飞机结构,但在复合材料成型过程中基体材料需要经历较高的工艺温度和降温速率;增强纤维和聚合物基体之间因热膨胀系数不匹配、铺层间各向异性和温度的梯度分布等因素将导致在基体中形成热残余应力,这将对所得热塑性复合材料构件的力学性能产生影响,需要在复合材料结构的设计和分析中加以考虑.为有效控制和降低复合材料制件中热残余应力,需要对其产生来源及发展机理进行分析.对热塑性复合材料中热残余应力的形成原因从三个不同层次进行讨论,并分析热塑性复合材料在成型过程中残余应力水平的控制方法,最后对热残余应力的测试方法进行研究,评价了各测试方法的优缺点.
Fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites have wide application in aircraft structure for the excellent comprehensive advantages of the high toughness,long material storage period and short molding cycle,which have been regarded as the promising advanced aeronautical structure materials.The thermo-residual stresses will be produced in the molding processes of high processing temperature and cooling rates.The stresses caused by the mismatch in coefficients of the thermal expansion,anisotropy of the adjacent fabrics layers and thermal gradient distribution of the thermoplastic composite during the cooling process will play an important role in the mechanical properties of thermoplastic composites,which must be taken into consideration in the design of composite parts.It is beneficial to recognize the formation causes and development of the thermo-residual stresses to effectively control the residual stress level of the thermoplastic parts.The mechanism of thermo-residual stresses formation was firstly analyzed in three different levels in present study,i.e.constituent materials level,lamination plate's level and the structure parts level.Moreover,testing methods of the thermo-residual stresses of the thermoplastic composites based on the previous literatures were also introduced.The advantages and disadvantages of these methods were evaluated as well.
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