采用预烧结-后续渗碳的方法制备钴相呈梯度分布的硬质合金,通过对试样显微组织的观察和抗弯强度的测试,研究渗碳时间对梯度硬质合金显微组织和抗弯强度的影响.结果表明:试样富钴层钴相含量随渗碳时间的延长而增加,试样的抗弯强度随渗碳时间出现了峰值现象,即当渗碳时间少于140 min时,试样的抗弯强度随渗碳时间的增加而增加,在渗碳处理140 min时出现最大值,当渗碳160 min后,试样的抗弯强度开始下降.分析认为,富钴层中金属钴的良好塑性变形能力能有效地吸收来自外部裂纹扩展的能量,提高合金的抗弯强度,同时当渗碳时间过长时(超过140 min),WC与η相晶粒出现了聚集长大,造成钴相分布不均匀,并局部形成Co池,导致试样抗弯强度的下降.对于直径为10 mm的矿用梯度球齿,其合理的渗碳时间应控制在120～140 min.
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