为探寻带缺口金属件的断裂规律与承载能力, 对8种不同切口尺寸的铸铁梁进行了三点弯曲 加载实验, 并对其中2个铸铁梁进行应变规电测跟踪测试, 得到了加载点位移、应变规处断裂损伤区 黏聚裂纹张开位移、中性层位置、黏聚裂纹端点位置随载荷的变化曲线. 结合粘聚裂纹应力强度因子 的计算公式与断裂准则, 得到该类材料结构承载力的理论计算数值, 并与实验值进行对比, 二者符合 良好.
The crack tip’s break damage process area of the material like cast iron, can be simplified for crack with cohesive force. To investigate the fracture process of iron and the calculation method of the specimens’ maximum bearing capacity, the three-point bending experiment of eight kinds of size incision specimens were tested, and two of the specimens was measured with electrical strain gages equipment. Through the experiment data, a series of curves were obtained and analyzed, such as the curves of displacement of load point with loading on the typical specimens, and the curve of fracture damaged area deformation with the loading, the relationship curve of beam neutral axes position and loading, the curve of position of cohesive crack tip and loading. The Stress Intensity Factor of the different size fracture specimens was calculated. For different size specimens, the computation method of structure bearing capacity was presented through the stress intensity factor’s computation formula and the fracture criterion. The theoretical calculated value was compared with the tested results, and the relative error of them is not big. Then, the method of estimating structures’ maximum bearing capacity is feasible.
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