利用多晶X射线面探测器衍射系统对304奥氏体不锈钢板在拉伸状态下的应力及其分布进行了检测分析。结果表明，在受到单向拉伸时原有的表面平均压应力σxx减小，σyy增加；在受到双向拉伸时，原有的表面平均压应力σxx和σyy均减小；最大压应力也是如此变化；缺陷（人为制造的方孔和圆孔）对平均应力影响不大，对最大应力影响较大。通过有限元模拟计算，实验结果和模拟结果的应力分布和变化趋势符合较好。
Stress maps of 304 austenitic stainless steel sheets at tensile stresses were measured and analysed by using polycrystalline Xray twodimensional area detectors diffraction system. The results showed that average compressive stress σxx of original surface decreased and average compressive stress σyy of original surface increased under tensile stresses of single direction; Average compressive stresses σxx, σyy and maximum compressive stress decreased under tensile stresses of two directions; The influence of defect (square hole and round hole) was less on average stress, but more on maximum stress. The FEM simulated stress maps and variation trend were accorded well with the experimental results.
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