在相对运动速度不同的条件下,采用新型的柔性摩擦辅助电沉积技术在不含任何添加剂的Watts镀液中制备镍镀层,用SEM、AFM、XRD、TEM、X射线应力衍射仪以及硬度计等手段分别对镀层的形貌、结构、残余应力和硬度进行了表征.结果表明:相对运动速度对镍镀层的组织结构具有重要影响.相对运动速度在4.8-14.4 m/min范围内,电沉积的镍镀层均为面心立方结构,并呈现强(311)晶面择优取向;随着相对运动速度的增加,镀层表面的针状镍逐渐变得均匀、细小和致密,拉应力先降低后增大,而硬度从406 HV增加到471 HV.当相对运动速度为12 m/min时,镍镀层的平均晶粒尺寸约为100 nm,具有较高的硬度460 HV和最低的拉应力约100 MPa.
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