采用电化学动电位再活化(EPR)法测定了950℃固溶处理的304不锈钢敏化温度-时间-敏化(TTS)曲线,观察了敏化处理的晶间腐蚀组织形貌.建立了一维304奥氏体不锈钢敏化的物理模型,模拟了敏化过程中晶界区域富铬碳化物沉淀析出长大、相界面的溶质热力学、相界迁移动力学和基体中溶质Cr、Ni浓度分布.结果表明:贫铬区中的Cr浓度变化和有效贫铬区宽度两个参量能体现晶界腐蚀的程度,这与敏化处理的晶间腐蚀形貌观察一致;溶质Ni富集及扩散不仅改变贫铬区中溶质Fe、Cr浓度分布,而且改变富铬碳化物成分组成以及其长大速率.敏化处理时贫铬区中溶质碳化学势先升高后缓慢下降,溶质铬化学势变化与之相反;基于相界面迁移一致性的富铬碳化物长大基本符合Zener抛物线增长趋势.
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