采用固相烧结工艺制备了钙钛矿结构的(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3+ xwt％ZnO(x=0,0.5,1.0,2.0)无铅压电陶瓷.研究了ZnO掺杂对(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3陶瓷体系烧结行为和电学性能的影响.结果表明:ZnO掺杂能够有效地降低陶瓷烧结温度,抑制K和Na的挥发,提高陶瓷的致密性.当掺杂量为0.5 wt％、烧结温度为1115℃时,陶瓷的体积密度最大p=4.41 g/em3.所有样品的晶粒形态均为层状堆垛结构,晶粒尺寸越大,层状堆垛形态越明显.晶粒形态和尺寸的变化与(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3陶瓷烧结过程中液相的形成和晶粒生长机制有关.适量的液相能够有效地提高陶瓷的致密性,获得均匀的微结构.当x=0.5、烧结温度为1115℃时,陶瓷具有最佳的电学性能:d33=118pC/N,kp=0.36,Pr=15.6 μC/cm2.
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