聚合物电解质膜燃料电池(PEMFC)是20世纪60年代兴起的第五代燃料电池,以其诸多优点正引起人们越来越多的关注和研究.其中作为电解质的功能高分子膜是这类燃料电池的"心脏”,起着隔离阴阳极、绝缘电子和选择性输运质子的作用.它的性能决定着PEMFC的输出功率、电池效率、成本及应用前景.文中对这类膜材料(包括全氟磺酸膜、掺杂酸型膜及接枝型磺酸膜等)的结构、性能及发展现状作了综述,并指出在膜材料上的突破将使燃料电池成为21世纪新能源的预言尽早成为现实.
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