纳米材料的量子尺寸效应、小尺寸效应、表面效应和宏观量子隧道效应使其展现出许多特有的性质,在电子、环境保护、生物医药等领域具有广阔的应用前景.模板法组装纳米材料是一种简单有效的途径.系统介绍了氧化铝、多孔硅、生物大分子、表面活性剂等6种常见模板的特点及制备机理,给出了各类方法制备纳米材料的最新进展,并展望了模板法制备纳米材料的前景.
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