以热弹塑性有限元法为基础，结合热-力耦合的算法建立有限元模型，采用Abaqus软件对薄壁6061-T6铝合金矩形型材进行焊接模拟；模拟了不同焊接顺序对铝合金型材残余应力及焊接变形量的影响，得到了最优的焊接顺序。结果表明：在矩形焊接时焊缝所在平面上产生的最大残余应力为拉应力；选择对称焊接工艺可以有效降低铝合金型材焊接后的残余应力，增强焊件的焊后稳定性；从较长的焊接路径开始焊接，能够减小焊接变形量。
A finite element model was built on the basis of elastic-plastic finite element method combining with thermo-mechannical coupling algorithm, and the software Abaqus was used to simulate the welding of thin- walled 6061-T6 aluminum alloy sections. The effect of different welding sequences on residual stress and welding deformation of the aluminum alloy sections was simulated and the optimal welding sequence was gained. The results show that the maximum residual stress on the weld seam plane was tensile stress after rectangular welding. Symmetry welding could reduce the residual stress of the aluminum alloy sections after welding and enhance the stability of the weldment after welding. Welding starting from a longer path could reduce the welding deformation.
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