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采用多元合金化处理共晶31Cr高铬铸铁，借助金相显微镜、扫描电镜、AXIOS(PW4400)型X荧光及Leica图像分析仪对金相组织、成分、碳化物尺寸及形貌进行分析。结果表明，经多元合金化后，碳化物尺寸细化、形貌改善，碳化物形状因子K先增大后减小，粒度因子D先减小后增大；确定了最佳成分，其碳化物的形状因子K=083，粒度因子D=066μm；共晶组成相形核及长大机制转变的复合作用改善了碳化物尺寸；溶液中碳原子活度、碳化物界面张力的改变和产生离异共晶的共同作用导致了碳化物形貌的演变。

The eutectic high chromium cast iron containing 31%Cr was deal with multi-alloying, the microstructure, composition, carbide size and morphology were investigated through metallurgical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), AXIOS (PW4400) X fluorescence and Leica image analyzer. The results show that, the size is refined and the morphology was improved of carbide through multi-alloying, the morphology factor K of carbide increases and then decreases, while the grain factor D of carbide is contrary to the morphology factor K. The optimum composition is selected, which the morphology factor K is 083 and the grain factor D is 066 micron of the carbide. Recombination action between nucleation and growth mechanisms of eutectic composition phase improves the size of carbide. The reasons of carbide morphology evolved are the interaction among which the activity of carbon atoms and the interfacial tension of carbide are changed, and produce divorced eutectic.