首次将插层纳米复合技术与互穿聚合物网络(IPN)技术相结合,通过同步插层聚合法制备了聚氨酯/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/有机蒙脱土(PU/PMMA/OMMT)纳米复合材料.XRD、SEM、TGA等研究表明,在聚氨酯/有机蒙脱土(PU/OMMT)体系中蒙脱土以40～700 nm的团聚体不均匀地分散在聚氨酯基体中,且部分蒙脱土被插层,其层间距增加了0.95nm,体系为插层型纳米复合材料.PU/PMMA/OMMT体系中蒙脱土以20～80nm的粒子分布于聚合物基体中,且蒙脱土的插层效果显著,是PU/OMMT体系的2.5倍,形成了插层型纳米复合材料.同时,蒙脱土的加入使得聚氨酯和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的互穿聚合物网络(PU/PMMA-IPN)体系中PU相与PMMA相间相分离更明显,塑性相畴粒子尺寸显著增加,且各相中两组分相互作用加强,分布更均匀.PU/PMMA/OMMT纳米复合材料的热稳定性高于其他材料.同时对其力学性能进行了研究,发现其力学性能明显优于聚氨酯、基于聚氨酯和PU/PMMA-IPN和PU/OMMT纳米复合材料.
In this paper, the intercalation technique and interpenetrating polymer networks method were first used together to prepare polyurethane/poly(methyl methacrylate)/organo-montmorillonite(PU/PMMA/OMMT) nanocomposite. The structure and morphology of polyurethane(PU), interpenetrating polymer network based on polyurethane and poly(methyl methacrylate)(PU/PMMA-IPN), polyurethane/organo-montmorillonite (PU/OMMT) and PU/PMMA/OMMT systems were comparatively investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The results show that organo-montmorillonite (OMMT) is well dispersed in polymer matrix with particles of 20～80nm in PU/PMMA/OMMT system, which confirms the interecalated nanocomposite is formed. PU/OMMT is interecalated nanocomposite because the d-spacing of OMMT increased and the OMMT is uneven dispersed in polyurethane matrix with the tactoids of 40～700nm. The introduce of OMMT into PU/PMMA-IPN system makes the plastic domain size increased and the microphase seperation more obviously between PU and PMMA phases. The results of thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) indicate that the thermal stability of PU/PMMA/OMMT nanocomposite is better than that of PU/PMMA-IPN and PU/OMMT nanocomposite because the phase structure has been improved and the intercalation degree of OMMT increased 1.5 times. Additionally, the mechanical properties of PU/PMMA/OMMT nanocomposites are superior to those of other comparative systems.
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