采用单一稀土元素Nd对过共晶Al-17.5%Si合金进行变质;采用扫描电镜、金相显微镜、电子探针、透射电镜及X射线衍射等方法对变质前后合金的微观组织、成分和相组成进行分析;并对变质前后合金的断口形貌进行分析.结果表明:加入0.3%Nd(质量分数)到过共晶Al-17.5%Si合金中可同时变质初生硅和共晶硅,经过变质处理后,初生硅的形状由星形和不规则形状变为块状,尺寸由40～60 μm减小到10～30 μm,共晶硅由长针状变成球状或短棒状;初生硅区域的主要成分是硅,中心边缘几乎检测不到Nd元素,Nd沿晶界分布;与未变质合金相比,经0.3%Nd变质后的Al-17.5%Si合金硅相上孪晶密度增大,变质后的合金中没有生成新相,a(Al)相和硅相的晶格常数变大;经0.3%Nd变质后,合金的整体性能大幅度提高,抗拉强度提高了35.8%,从120 MPa提高到163 MPa,伸长率从0.8%提高到2.2%,提高了175%.
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