从结构形式和材料属性等方面简要概括了水下目标声隐身覆盖层的吸声原理,介绍了世界各国主流潜艇橡胶类和聚氨酯类消声覆盖层的应用情况.从理论分析和材料制备等方面详细介绍了国内外水下目标声隐身功能梯度材料的研究现状.与均质材料相比,功能梯度材料具有可设计性强的优点,经过优化设计的功能梯度材料,不但可以满足水下目标的声隐身要求,而且易于实现多场耦合需求,具有十分广阔的应用前景和重要的研究意义.最后预测了水下目标声隐身功能梯度材料的发展方向.
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