Shengkai GONG
,
Huibin XU (Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering
,
Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
,
Beijing 100083
,
China)
材料科学技术（英文）
Iron-nitride films were prepared by reactive sputtering, and the effect of annealing treatment on the structures was investigated by means of in-situ electron microscopy and high resolution electron microscopy (HREM). As-deposited films were observed to be a mixed structure of a few ultrafine ε-Fe2-3N particles existing in the amorphous matrix. lt was found that the structurerelaxation in the amorphous occurred at 473 K, and the ultrafine grains began to grow at the higher annealing temperatures. The transition of the amorphous to ε-Fe2-3N was almost completed at 673 K. It is considered that the formation of the ideal ε-Fe3N is originated from the ordering of the nitrogen atoms during the annealing in vacuum. On the other hand, γ'-phase (Fe4N) was seen to precipitation of ε-phase at 723 K. Two possible modes are proposed in the precipitation of γ'-phase, depending on the heating rate and crystallographic orientation relationships. i.e. [121]ε [001]γ, (210)ε(110)γ and [100]ε[110]γ, (001)ε(111)γ. In addition,α-Fe particles were observed to form from the γ'-phase at high temperatures. We assumed that these structural changes are due to the diffusion of nitrogen and iron atoms during the annealing,except for the case of the precipitation of the γ'-phase as depicted above. The results obtained in this work are in a good agreement with the assumption.
关键词:
Andrej Atrens
材料科学技术（英文）
Corrosion research by Atrens and co-workers has made significant contributions to the understanding of the service performance of engineering materials. This includes: (1) elucidated corrosion mechanisms of Mg alloys, stainless steels and Cu alloys, (2) developed an improved understanding of passivity in stainless steels and binary alloys such as Fe-Cr, Ni-Cr, Co-Cr, Fe-Ti, and Fe-Si, (3) developed an improved understanding of the melt spinning of Cu alloys, and (4) elucidated mechanisms of environment assisted fracture (EAF) of steels and Zr alloys. This paper summarises contributions in the following: (1) intergranular stress corrosion cracking of pipeline steels, (2) atmospheric corrosion and patination of Cu, (3) corrosion of Mg alloys, and (4) transgranular stress corrosion cracking of rock bolts.
关键词:
Stress corrosion cracking
,
null
,
null
LIU Guoquan Department of Materials Science and Engineering
,
University of Science and Technology Beijing
,
100083
,
China.
材料科学技术（英文）
Quantitative analysis of populations having a geometric structure,which has developed into a special scientific subject called microstructology or stereology,is of great importance to the characterization and evaluation of microstructures and their evolution in various processes.This paper, besides a brief discussion on those topics such as the recent developments of computer assisted image analysis,mathematical morphology,and fractal analysis,will mainly focus on the scope,fundamen- tals,present status,and perspectives of classical stereology.Several case examples of its application to materials science will also be given.
关键词:
stereology
,
null
,
null
,
null
Materials Science & Engineering C-Biomimetic Materials Sensors and Systems
Bamboo, one of the strongest natural structural composite materials, has many distinguishing features. It has been found that its reinforcement unit, hollow, multilayered and spirally-wound bast fiber, plays an extremely important role in its mechanical behavior. In the present work, on the basis of the study on bamboo bast fiber and wood tracheid, a biomimetic model of the reinforcing element, composed of two layers of helically wound fiber, was suggested. To detect the structural characteristics of such a microstructure, four types of macro fiber specimens made of engineering composites were employed: axially aligned solid and hollow cylinders, and single- and double-helical hollow cylinders. These specimens were subjected to several possible loadings, and the experimental results reveal that only the double-helical structural unit possesses the optimum comprehensive mechanical properties. An interlaminar transition zone model imitating bamboo bast fiber was proposed and was verified by engineering composite materials. In our work, the transition zone can increase the interlaminar shear strength of the composite materials by about 15%. These biomimetic structural models can be applied in the design and manufacture of engineering composite materials.
关键词:
bamboo;bast fiber;biomimetics;engineering composites
Science
Strengthening materials traditionally involves the controlled creation of internal defects and boundaries so as to obstruct dislocation motion. Such strategies invariably compromise ductility, the ability of the material to deform, stretch, or change shape permanently without breaking. Here, we outline an approach to optimize strength and ductility by identifying three essential structural characteristics for boundaries: coherency with surrounding matrix, thermal and mechanical stability, and smallest feature size finer than 100 nanometers. We assess current understanding of strengthening and propose a methodology for engineering coherent, nanoscale internal boundaries, specifically those involving nanoscale twin boundaries. Additionally, we discuss perspectives on strengthening and preserving ductility, along with potential applications for improving failure tolerance, electrical conductivity, and resistance to electromigration.
关键词:
strain-rate sensitivity;stacking-fault energy;nano-scale twins;cu-al;alloys;nanocrystalline metals;mechanical-properties;activation;volume;copper;deformation;behavior
Douxing LI and Hengqiang YE (Laboratory of Atomic imaging of Solids
,
Institute of Metal Research
,
Chinese Academy of Sciences
,
Shenyang
,
110015
,
China)
材料科学技术（英文）
The present paper summarizes the current status of high resolution electron microscopy (HREM)and the applications of HREM to materials science and condensed matter physics. This review recounts the latest development of high resolution electron microscope, progress of HREM and the applications of HREM, including the crystal structure determination of microcrystalline materials and characterization of the local structure of the defects and nanostructured materials as well as qualitative and quantitative analysis of the grain boundaries, interfaces and interfacial reactions in the advanced materials by means of HREM in combination with electron diffraction,subnanometer level analysis, image simulation and image processing.
关键词:
N.V.Ch
,
ra Shekar
,
P.Ch.Sahu
,
K.Govinda Rajan
材料科学技术（英文）
Laser-heated diamond-anvil cell (LHDAC) is emerging as the most suitable, economical and versatile tool for the measurement of a large spectrum of physical properties of materials under extreme pressure and temperature conditions. In this review, the recent developments in the instrumentation, pressure and temperature measurement techniques, results of experimental investigations from the literature were discussed. Also, the future scope of the technique in various avenues of science was explored.
关键词:
Laser heating
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null
,
null
,
null
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions a-Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science
The half-width values of the X-ray diffraction profiles are frequently used to characterize the static strength of a strengthened surface, or the depth distribution of this mechanical parameter, in a strengthened surface layer, especially in a shot-peening affected layer. However, for the unpeened surface and the base material of the shot-peened specimen of an alloy steel treated in hard state, the experimental results shown in this article indicate that uniaxial tensile or compressive plastic deformation increases the yield strengths while it decreases the half-width values. The half-width values of the shot-peened surface and surface layer greatly decrease, whereas the yield strength of this surface remarkably increases. Accordingly, in the authors' opinion, the half-width values could not correctly describe the static strengths of hard metallic materials, and, contrary to the viewpoint put forward by a lot of researchers, the shot-peened surfaces of such materials are work hardened instead of work softened. A model demonstrating that plastic deformation reduces the half-width values by decreasing the second kind internal stresses is developed.
关键词:
