Hidetoshi FUJII
,
Yosuke SUMI
,
Manabu TANAKA
,
Kiyoshi NOGI
材料科学技术（英文）
Gas tungsten arc (GTA) welding was performed both in a microgravity environment and in a terrestrial environment, and the arc shapes in both environments were compared. A microgravity condition was obtained using the free fall system at the Japan Microgravity Center. The system can maintain a 10 s microgravity of less than 10-5 g. A water-cooled Cu plate was used to simplify the arc phenomenon. The electric arc current was between 15 and 80 A, and the shielding and atmospheric gas was 99.9995% Ar and its flowing rate was 10 l/min. The polarity was a direct current electrode negative (DCEN). The arc gap was 3 mm and careful attention was also paid to the arc gap in both the terrestrial and microgravity environments being the same. As a result, it was found that no effect of gravity on the arc shape is observed under general welding conditions (over 60 A). When the electric arc current is lower than 25 A, the arc shape is determined by the initial position of the arc root and is constant with time. Accordingly, it can not be judged whether or not the arc shape is affected by gravity for this range. When the electric arc current is between 25 A and 60 A, it is estimated that the arc shape is not affected by gravity though it is occasionally affected by other minor effects.
关键词:
Microgravity
,
null
,
null
,
null
Huijie LIU
,
Hidetoshi FUJII
,
Masakatsu MAEDA
,
Kiyoshi NOGI
材料科学技术（英文）
The tensile fracture location characterizations of the friction stir welded joints of the AA1050-H24 and AA6061-T6 Al alloys were evaluated in this study. The experimental results show that the fracture locations of the joints are different for the different Al alloys, and they are affected by the FSW parameters. When the joints are free of welding defects, the AA1050-H24 joints are fractured in the HAZ and TMAZ on the AS and the fracture parts undergo a large amount of plastic deformation, while the AA6061-T6 joints are fractured in the HAZ on the RS and the fracture surfaces are inclined a certain degree to the bottom surfaces of the joints. When some welding defects exist in the joints, the AA1050-H24 joints are fractured on the RS or AS, the AA6061-T6 joints are fractured on the RS, and all the fracture locations are near to the weld center. The fracture locations of the joints are dependent on the internal structures of the joints and can be explained by the microhardness profiles and defect morphologies of the joints.
关键词:
Friction stir welding
,
null
,
null
Feng XIAO
,
Liang FANG
,
Kiyoshi NOGI
材料科学技术（英文）
Surface tension of molten Ni and Ni-Co (5 and 10 mass fraction) alloys was measured at the temperature range of 1773~1873 K using an improved sessile drop method with an alumina substrate in an Ar+3%H2 atmosphere. The error of the data obtained was analyzed. The surface tension of molten Ni and Ni-Co (5 and 10 mass fraction) alloys decreases with increasing temperature. The influence of Co on the surface tension of Ni-Co alloys is little in the studied Co concentration range.
关键词:
Nickel
,
null
,
null
,
null
樊琪
,
张帅
,
孙礼英
,
董雪
,
张澜萃
,
单文娟
,
朱再明
催化学报
doi:10.1016/S1872-2067(15)61000-2
碳黑颗粒是柴油机尾气固体污染物的主要成分,是大气污染中的主要颗粒状污染物.消除碳黑颗粒物的有效方式之一是在尾气排放前安装柴油机颗粒物过滤器.然而,尾气排放温度远远低于碳黑燃烧温度,在过滤器上使用碳黑氧化催化剂能够明显降低碳黑的燃烧温度,防止过滤器堵塞.钙钛矿类催化剂由于具有良好的储氧能力,高活性的晶相氧有利于碳黑燃烧过程中气相氧和晶相氧的转换,具有较高的活性和结构稳定性,从而受到广泛关注.本课题组曾先后对LaKNiMnOx和LaMO3(M=Fe,Co,Cu)等钙钛矿体系的碳黑燃烧性能进行了系统研究,其中La-CoO3及掺杂的LaCoO3基钙钛矿在碳黑催化燃烧中表现了较高的催化活性.然而担载型钙钛矿催化剂在该领域的应用很少有报道.银基催化剂由于具有较高的低温氧活化能力在碳黑燃烧反应中具有较高的催化活性,Kiyoshi Yamazaki等发现在银表面吸附的氧物种能够迁移到银与载体的界面,并可以进一步迁移到碳黑表面氧化碳黑,但是载体的选择对催化活性有较大影响,具有较高储氧能力和氧离子传输能力的CeO2和ZrO2载体上负载银催化剂的碳黑燃烧性能明显高于以Al2O3为载体的催化剂.为了进一步提高LaCoO3基钙钛矿的碳黑氧化性能,本文结合LaCoO3基钙钛矿和银基催化剂的特点,以LaCoO3为载体制备了负载型银催化剂,考察了Ag/LaCoO3催化剂结构和催化性能随焙烧温度的变化,并对银物种分布及催化作用进行了讨论.采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、高分辨透射电镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、氢气程序升温还原(H2-TPR)和碳黑程序升温还原(soot-TPR)等表征手段研究了银物种分布及影响催化剂结构和催化活性的原因.XRD测试结果表明,经过800℃焙烧的LaCoO3催化剂具有钙钛矿结构,并有少量Co3O4,银担载在LaCoO3催化剂上,经400 ℃焙烧后XRD测试检测到Ag的特征峰,说明银物种主要为单质银而不是以氧化物形式存在.随着焙烧温度的升高(400-700℃),Ag的衍射峰减弱,同时Co3O4的衍射峰消失,说明在热处理过程中银物种发生了迁移,从表面逐渐迁移进入钙钛矿结构,进而影响Co物种的分布.继续升高焙烧温度(750-800℃),由于高温烧结,部分银物种从钙钛矿结构中析出,钴物种也发生重新分布,Co3O4的衍射峰出现.XPS结果表明银物种主要为Ag0,钴物种主要为低价钴离子,Ag/LaCoO3催化剂具有较高的吸附氧浓度.Soot-TPR结果表明,表面单质银的存在有利于活化气相氧,Ag物种进入钙钛矿的晶胞增加了氧缺陷有助于气相氧和晶相氧的转移,Ag/LaCoO3催化剂能够在低温下完全氧化碳黑.低温焙烧的Ag/LaCoO3表面形成的大量吸附氧物种是其高活性的原因.在空气气氛和NOx气氛下考察了该系列催化剂上碳黑的催化燃烧性能,发现银的担载使LaCoO3钙钛矿催化活性显著提高,在空气气氛下碳黑燃烧最大速率对应温度(Tp)降低了50-70℃,碳黑燃烧性能与催化剂的低温还原性相关.在NOx气氛下,银在低温下的高活化氧能力使碳黑燃烧温度进一步降低,其中在Ag/LaCoO3-400催化剂上碳黑的燃烧温度降低了140℃.以Ag/LaCoO3-700催化剂为例,考察了在NOx气氛下碳黑燃烧性能的稳定性,发现该催化经历3次循环实验后没有明显的失活且其结构稳定.
关键词:
碳黑燃烧
,
氮氧化物
,
银
,
钙钛矿
,
热稳定性
