C.C. Liu
,
Z. Liu and G.X. Chen (Department of Mechanical Engineering
,
Tsinghua University
,
Beijing 100084
,
China)(Department of Mechanical Engineering
,
Tsinghua University
,
Beijing 100084
,
China)(Department of Mechanical Engineering
,
Tsinghua University
,
Beijing 100084
,
China)
金属学报(英文版)
ZBainitic transformation is analyzed in detail according to the factors such as morphology,crystallography,mechanical property of bainite and transformation kinetics,and conclusion is drawn that bainitic transformation is controlled by displacive mechanism and self-fempering of displacive microstructure.That is to say,bainite is the product of such procedure during which undercooled austemite first transforms into one certain displacive microstructure by displacive mechanism and then this microstructure experiences self-fempering.With this idea,several questions,which cannot be illustrated only by displacive transformation mechanism,can be explained successfully.
关键词:
bainitic transformation
,
null
,
null
何科林
,
谢君
,
罗杏宜
,
温九青
,
马松
,
李鑫
,
方岳平
,
张向超
催化学报
doi:10.1016/S1872-2067(17)62759-1
光催化技术是目前解决能源和环境问题最具前景的手段之一,因此寻找高效光催化剂已成为光催化技术的研究热点.而在众多半导体催化剂中,廉价、环保且性能稳定的g-C3N4光催化剂在太阳光开发利用方面尤其引人关注.然而,由于g-C3N4的比表面小,活性位点少,以及光生电子/空穴对易复合等不足,严重导致其较低的光催化量子效率.因此,构造Z型体系和负载助催化剂等策略被广泛应用于提高g-C3N4光催化效率.在过去几年中,TiO2,Bi2WO6,WO3,Bi2MoO6,Ag3PO4和ZnO已经被成功证实可以与g-C3N4耦合而构造Z型光催化剂体系.其中,WO3/g-C3N4光催化剂体系,具有可见光活性的WO3导带中的光生电子和g-C3N4价带中的光生空穴容易实现Z型复合,从而保留了WO3的强氧化能力和g-C3N4的高还原能力,最终大幅度提高了整个体系的光催化活性.在g-C3N4的各种产氢助催化剂中,由于常用的Pt,Ag和Au等贵金属的高成本和低储量等问题严重限制了它们的实际应用,所以近年来各种非贵金属助催化剂(包括纳米碳,Ni,NiS,Ni(OH)2,WS2和MoS2等)得到了广泛的关注.我们采取廉价且丰富的Ni(OH)x助催化剂修饰g-C3N4/WO3耦合形成的Z型体系,开发出廉价高效的WO3/g-C3N4/Ni(OH)x三元产氢光催化体系.在该三元体系中,Ni(OH)x和WO3分别用于促进g-C3N4导带上光生电子和价带的光生空穴的分离及利用,从而使得高能的g-C3N4的光生电子在Ni(OH)x富集并应用于光催化产氢,而高能的WO3的光生空穴被应用于氧化牺牲剂三乙醇胺,最终实现了整个体系的高效光催化产氢活性及稳定性.我们通过直接焙烧钨酸铵和硫脲制备出WO3纳米棒/g-C3N4,并采用原位光沉积方法将Ni(OH)x纳米颗粒负载到WO3/g-C3N4上.随后,我们采取X射线衍射(XRD)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)和比表面和孔径分布等表征手段来研究光催化剂的结构与形貌;采取紫外-可见漫反射表征方法来研究其光学性能;采取荧光光谱,阻抗和瞬态光电流曲线等表征手段来测试光催化剂的电荷分离性能;采取极化曲线和电子自旋共振谱等表征手段来证明光催化机理;采取光催化分解水产氢的性能测试来研究光催化剂的光催化活性与稳定性.XRD,HRTEM和XPS表征结果,表明WO3为有缺陷的正交晶系的晶体,直径为20–40纳米棒且均匀嵌入在g-C3N4纳米片上;Ni(OH)x为Ni(OH)2与Ni的混合物,其Ni(OH)2与Ni的摩尔比为97.4 : 2.6,Ni(OH)x粒径为20–50 nm且均匀分散在g-C3N4纳米片上,WO3/g-C3N4/Ni(OH)x催化剂界面之间结合牢固,其中WO3和Ni(OH)x均匀分布在g-C3N4上.紫外-可见漫反射表征结果表明,随着缺陷WO3的负载量增加,复合体系的吸收边与g-C3N4相比产生明显的红移,而加入Ni(OH)x助催化剂使得催化剂体系的颜色由黄变黑,明显地增加了可见光的吸收.荧光光谱,阻抗和瞬态光电流曲线结果表明,WO3和Ni(OH)x的加入能有效地促进光生电子/空穴的分离.极化曲线结果表明,掺入WO3和Ni(OH)x能降低g-C3N4的析氢过电位,从而提高光催化剂表面的产氢动力学.?O2?和?OH 电子自旋共振谱表明成功形成了WO3/g-C3N4 耦合Z 型体系.光催化分解水产氢的性能测试表明,20%WO3/g-C3N4/4.8%Ni(OH)x产氢效率最高(576 μmol/(g?h)),分别是g-C3N4/4.8%Ni(OH)x,20%WO3/g-C3N4和纯g-C3N4的5.7,10.8和230倍.上述结果充分证明,Ni(OH)x助催化剂修饰和g-C3N4/WO3 Z型异质结产生了极好的协同效应,最终实现了三元体系的极高的光催化产氢活性.
关键词:
光催化产氢
,
稳定的Ni(OH)x催化剂
,
g-C3N4
,
Z型体系
,
异质结
Mehdi Ebrahimian-Hosseinabadi Fakhredin Ashrafizadeh Mohammadreza Etemadifar Subbu S. Venkatraman
材料科学技术（英文）
In this paper, preparation of nano-biphasic calcium phosphate (nBCP), mechanical behavior and load-bearing of poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and PLGA/nBCP are presented. The nBCP with composition of 63/37 (w/w) HA/β-TCP (hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate) was produced by heating of bovine bone at 700°C. Composite scaffolds were made by using PLGA matrix and 10-50 wt% nBCP powders as reinforcement material. All scaffolds were prepared by thermally induced solid-liquid phase separation (TIPS) at -60°C under 4 Pa (0.04 mbar) vacuum. The results of elastic modulus testing were adjusted with Ishai-Cohen and Narkis models for rigid polymeric matrix and compared to each other. PLGA/nBCP scaffolds with 30 wt% nBCP showed the highest value of yield strength among the scaffolds. In addition, it was found that by increasing the nBCP in scaffolds to 50 wt%, the modulus of elasticity was highly enhanced. However, the optimum value of yield strength was obtained at 30 wt% nBCP, and the agglomeration of reinforcing particles at higher percentages caused a reduction in yield strength. It is clear that the elastic modulus of matrix has the significant role in elastic modulus of scaffolds, as also the size of the filler particles in the matrix.
关键词:
Scaffold
Liubing WANG
金属学报(英文版)
Tests under mechanical strain control were performed to investigate the TMF behavior of Z2CND18.12N within the temperature range between 150-550℃. Different strain amplitudes and phase-angles were applied. Total strain controlled low cycle fatigue test was also performed at the peak temperature of TMF cycling. The results show that the cyclic stress response of the material displayed an initial hardening regime followed by a saturation period and then cyclic softening till failure. The TMF cycling leads to the development of significant amounts of mean stress. Some life prediction models were employed to predict the TMF life of Z2CND18.12N, and the results indicate that the energy-based models provide good prediction on the thermal-mechanical fatigue behaviors of this material. An optical microscopic observation shows that the surface crack initiations and crack propagations are typically transgranular mode.
关键词:
Thermomechanical fatigue
Acta Materialia
Pure Cu was deformed at different strain rates and temperatures, i.e. with different Zener Hollomon parameters (Z) ranging within InZ - 22 66, to investigate the effect or Z on its microstructures and mechanical properties. It was found that deformation twinning occurs when InZ exceeds 30, and the number of twins increases at higher Z. The average twin/matrix lamellar thickness is independent of Z, being around 50 nm. Deformation-induced grain refinement is enhanced at higher Z, and the mean transverse grain size drops from 320 to 66 nm when In Z increases from 22 to 66. The grain refinement is dominated by dislocation activities in low-Z processes, while deformation twinning plays a dominant role in high-Z deformation. An obvious increment in yield strength from 390 to 610 MPa was found in deformed Cu with increasing Z, owing to the significant grain refinement as well as the strengthening from nanoscale deformation twins. (c) 2009 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
关键词:
Copper;Plastic deformation;Nanostructures;Zener Hollomon parameter;Nanoscale deformation twinning;stacking-fault energy;grain-refinement;large strains;nanocrystalline;materials;rolling deformation;copper;evolution;metals;nickel;attrition
International Journal of Modern Physics B
The perturbation formulae of EPR parameters g factors g(x), g(y) and g(z) for the lowest Kramers doublet of 4f(1) ion in orthorhombic symmetry are established. In these formulae, the contributions of the covalency effects, the admixture between J = 7/2 and J = 5/2 states as well as the second-order perturbation (which is not considered in the previous works) via crystal-field and orbital angular momentum interactions are all included. According to these formulae, and by using the superposition model, the g-factors g., g(y) and g(z) for Ce3+ center in YBa2CU3O6+x superconductor are calculated. The results are discussed.
关键词:
YBa2Cu3O6+x;EPR;superposition model;Ce3+;crystal-field
Journal of Mathematical Chemistry
We start from a classical statistical-mechanical theory for the internal energy in terms of three-and four-body correlation functions g(3) and g(4) for homogeneous atomic liquids like argon, with assumed central pair interactions phi(r(ij)). The importance of constructing the partition function (pf) as spatial integrals over g(3), g(4) and phi is stressed, together with some basic thermodynamic consequences of such a pf. A second classical example taken for two-body interactions is the so-called one-component plasma in two dimensions, for a particular coupling strength treated by Alastuey and Jancovici (J Phys (France) 42:1, 1981) and by Fantoni and Tellez (J Stat Phys 133: 449, 2008). Again thermodynamic consequences provide a particular focus. Then quantum-mechanical assemblies are treated, again with separable many-body interactions. The example chosen is that of an N-body inhomogeneous extended system generated by a one-body potential energy V(r). The focus here is on the diagonal element of the canonical density matrix: the so-called Slater sum S(r, beta), related to the pf by pf(beta) = integral S(r, beta) d (r) over right arrow, beta = (k(B)T)(-1). The Slater sum S(r, beta) can be related exactly, via a partial differential equation, to the one-body potential V(r), for specific choices of V which are cited. The work of Green (J Chem Phys 18: 1123, 1950), is referred to for a generalization, but now perturbative, to two-body forces. Finally, to avoid perturbation series, the work concludes with some proposals to allow the treatment of extended assemblies in which regions of long-range ordered magnetism exist in the phase diagram. One of us (Z. D. Z.) has recently proposed a putative pf for a three-dimensional (3D) Ising model, based on two, as yet unproved, conjectures and has pointed out some important thermodynamic consequences of this pf. It would obviously be of considerable interest if such a pf, together with conjectures, could be rigorously proved.
关键词:
Statistical-mechanical models;Many-body interactions;Partition;functions;Thermodynamic consequences;orthorhombic ising lattices;one-component plasma;recent conjectured;solution;bare coulomb field;slater sum;pair potentials;renormalization group;critical exponents;magnetic equation;critical-point
杜龙
,
矫桂琼
,
黄涛
,
赵龙
,
黄峰
复合材料学报
doi:10.3321/j.issn:1000-3851.2007.06.024
通过不同Z-pin角度(15°和25°)和夹芯厚度(8mm和12.7mm)的X状Z-pin增强泡沫夹层材料的剪切性能试验,与相同材料同尺寸的未增强件进行对比,考察X状Z-pin对泡沫夹层结构的增强作用.试验结果表明,X状Z-pin增强使材料的剪切强度和刚度都有较大幅度的提高;同时,Z-pin的加入使该结构具有与传统泡沫夹层材料不同的剪切破坏形式.在此基础上,结合空间网架结构和等效夹杂方法,提出了X状Z-pin增强泡沫夹层结构剪切刚度模型,计算结果与试验值符合良好.结果表明,X状Z-pin增强不仅能大幅度提高泡沫夹层结构的剪切性能,并具有良好的可设计性,可以通过改变Z-pin角度和材料等改变其力学性能.
关键词:
夹层结构
,
Z-pin增强
,
剪切性能
Lizhi CHENG
,
Wei FENG
,
Xinquan DONG
,
Kuichang BAI and Kaiyuan HE (Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering
,
Northeastern University Shenyang 110006
,
China)
材料科学技术（英文）
The formation of nonequilibrium phase by mechanical alloying (MA) of Fe and B powders in a high energy vibration ball mill has been made for Fe100-xBx system with x=15. 30, 35, 45,55 and 70. By using the X-ray diffraction, magnetic measurement and M6ssbauer spectrummethods, it was revealed that the structure of the MA product varies with milling time and B contents.
关键词:
