Journal of Applied Physics
Based on the developed multiple-scattering theory [C.-W. Nan and F. S. Jin, Phys. Rev. B 48, 8578 (1993)], an effective-medium theory (EMT) is proposed to treat coupled electromechanical behavior in composite media. The explicit relations for determining effective behavior of piezoelectric composites are derived. To illustrate the technique, numerical results of piezoelectric ceramic/epoxy composites for various particle shapes are presented over the whole range of concentrations. The EMT estimates are shown to be in good agreement with available experimental results. Porous piezoelectric ceramics are also discussed. The EMT predicts a similar critical behavior for heterogeneous piezoelectric materials to recent experiments.
关键词:
electromechanical properties;ceramics
Acta Materialia
In a first report [Jin ZH.. Gumbsch P, Ma E, Albe K, Lu K, Hahn H, et al. Scripta Mater 2006;54:1163], interactions between screw dislocation and coherent twin boundary (CTB) were studied via molecular dynamics simulations for three face-centered cubic (fcc) metals, Cu, Ni and Al. To complement those preliminary results, purely stress-driven interactions between 60 degrees non-screw lattice dislocation and CTB are considered in this paper. Depending on the material and the applied strain, slip has been observed to interact with the boundary in different ways. If a 60 degrees dislocation is forced by an external stress into a CTB, it dissociates into different partial dislocations gliding into the twin as well as along the twin boundary. A sessile dislocation lock may be generated at the CTB if the transited slip is incomplete. The details of the interaction are controlled by the material-dependent energy barriers for the formation of Shockley partial dislocations from the site where the lattice dislocation impinges upon the boundary. (c) 2007 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
关键词:
dislocation;slip;twinning;twin grain boundary;molecular dynamics;molecular-dynamics simulation;grain-boundaries;nanocrystalline;materials;cross-slip;rate sensitivity;deformation;copper;strength;aluminum;fcc
赵洁
,
姚秉华
,
冯逸晨
功能材料
采用共沉淀法制备BiNbO4纳米棒。利用X射线粉末衍射仪（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）、紫外-可见漫反射光谱（UV-Vis DRS）和热重分析（TG/DTA）对其结构、形貌和性质进行表征,并通过紫外-可见分光光度计分析BiNbO4纳米棒光降解罗丹明B来研究其光催化活性。结果表明以五氧化二铌和五水硝酸铋为原料制备得到正交相结构的BiNbO4纳米棒;BiN-bO4纳米棒具有较高的光催化活性,在紫外光下,pH值=3.05,催化剂用量为2g/L时能够有效地降解罗丹明B,降解率受到光源、催化剂浓度和溶液pH值的影响较大。
关键词:
共沉淀法
,
BiNbO4纳米棒
,
光催化
杨飒
,
郑志硕
量子电子学报
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-5461.2015.03.005
针对尺度不变特征变换(Scale-invariant feature transform,SIFT)算法在关键点特征描述向量阶段计算复杂并且维数较高的现象,提出了一种基于压缩感知理论的SIFT算法.通过压缩感知理论的稀疏特征表示方法,对SIFT关键点特征向量进行提取,将高维梯度导数向量降到低维稀疏特征向量,降低了关键点描述向量维度.采用欧式距离作为关键点的相似性度量, Best-Bin-First(BBF)数据结构避免穷举,使数据的运算量大为减少.实验结果表明,新算法对存在仿射变换的医学图像配准性能优于传统SIFT算法,与当前改进型的SIFT算法相比,本文算法的实时性明显增强.
关键词:
图像处理
,
图像配准
,
尺度不变特征变换
,
特征提取
,
稀疏随机投影
李伟国
,
祁超
,
刘立岩
,
赵大庆
应用化学
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-0518.2005.11.003
分别研究了二乙三胺五乙酸(DTPA)及2种衍生物二乙三胺五乙酸-双二甲酰胺(DTPA-BDMA)和二乙三胺五乙酸-双(异烟肼)(DTPA-BIN)对乳酸脱氢酶活性及酶促反应动力学的影响.结果表明,它们均可以抑制脱氢酶的活性,其抑制类型为竞争性的抑制作用,抑制常数分别为3.37、7.41、8.52μmol/L.紫外差谱结果表明,DTPA及其衍生物可以和酶分子作用,其羧基部分被包埋到分子内部,在酶分子的结合部位存在芳香族的氨基酸残基.DTPA与脱氢酶作用后使酶分子中的色氨酸荧光强度减弱,对酪氨酸的荧光没有明显影响.
关键词:
二乙三胺五乙酸
,
乳酸脱氢酶
,
酶学动力学
,
紫外差谱
,
荧光光谱
曹春海
,
杨名
,
张世远
,
杨森祖
,
崔旭高
,
尤立星
,
吉争鸣
,
康琳
,
许伟伟
低温物理学报
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-3258.2003.03.002
采用Nd0.7Sr0.3MnO3/SrTiO3/YBa2Cu3O7-δ的异质结构,研究了自旋极化准粒子的注入效应.在56μm宽的YBCO膜条上成功地制备了与超导膜条同样宽度但不同长度的六个注入结区,长度L分别为80μm, 40μm, 20μm, 10μm, 5μm和2μm.80nm厚的YBCO薄膜在16K温度下Jc为2×105A/cm2.Iin=0.5mA的自旋电流注入下,随L从80μm逐渐顺次减小时,注入效率η=ΔJc/ΔJin逐渐增大.而当L≤20μm后,η不再增加,达到几乎相同的值(～6).初步分析认为这与自旋极化准粒子在超导膜内的有效自旋扩散长度有关.异质结构中YBCO薄膜的超导电性以及注入窗口的尺寸对获得大的自旋注入效率十分重要.
关键词:
注入效率
,
自旋准粒子
,
巨磁阻
,
异质材料
