Physical Review Letters
We find that the failure of bulk metallic glassy (BMG) materials follows three modes, i.e., shear fracture with a fracture plane significantly deviating from 45degrees to the loading direction, normal tensile fracture with a fracture plane perpendicular to the loading direction, or distensile fracture in a break or splitting mode with a fracture plane parallel to the loading direction. The actually occurring type of failure strongly depends on the applied loading mode and the microstructure of the material. Extensive evidence indicates that the Tresca fracture criterion is invalid, and for the first time, three fracture criteria are developed for isotropic materials with high strength, such as advanced BMGs or the newly developed bulk nanostructural materials.
关键词:
amorphous-alloys;enhanced plasticity;zr-ti;flow;deformation;composite;strength;microstructure;ribbons;failure
Intermetallics
Though extensively studied, hardness, defined as the resistance of a material to deformation, still remains a challenging issue for a formal theoretical description due to its inherent mechanical complexity. The widely applied Teter's empirical correlation between hardness and shear modulus has been considered to be not always valid for a large variety of materials. The main reason is that shear modulus only responses to elastic deformation whereas the hardness links both elastic and permanent plastic properties. We found that the intrinsic correlation between hardness and elasticity of materials correctly predicts Vickers hardness for a wide variety of crystalline materials as well as bulk metallic glasses (BMGs). Our results suggest that, if a material is intrinsically brittle (such as BMGs that fail in the elastic regime), its Vickers hardness linearly correlates with the shear modulus (H(v) = 0.151G). This correlation also provides a robust theoretical evidence on the famous empirical correlation observed by Teter in 1998. On the other hand, our results demonstrate that the hardness of polycrystalline materials can be correlated with the product of the squared Pugh's modulus ratio and the shear modulus (H(v) = 2(k(2)G)(0.585) - 3 where k =G/B is Pugh's modulus ratio). Our work combines those aspects that were previously argued strongly, and, most importantly, is capable to correctly predict the hardness of all hard compounds known included in several pervious models. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
关键词:
Mechanical properties, theory;Elastic properties;superhard rhenium diboride;elastic-constants;high-pressure;mechanical-properties;theoretical hardness;ambient-pressure;boron;suboxide;nitrides;prediction;carbides
TANG Changguo
,
ZHU Jinhua
,
ZHANG Yuhua
,
ZHOU HuijiuResearch Institute for Strength of Metals. Xi'an Jiaotong University. Xi'an. China
金属学报(英文版)
Variable strain rate tension tests for 4 metallic materials show that as the strain rate in creases the strain hardening exponent n decreases. The trend follows a two stage linear relation between n and Ig (?). When (?) < (?)cp, i.e. under quasi-static loading, n can be considered as a constant, but when (?)>(?)cp, n decreases rapidly till an ideal plastic state. n = 0. The characterizations and mechanisms of softening induced by high (?) are discussed.
关键词:
strain rate
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null
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null
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null
Journal of Applied Physics
The dependence of yield strength, uniform elongation, and toughness on grain size in metallic structural materials was discussed. The toughness is defined as the product of yield strength and uniform elongation. The yield strength versus grain size can be well described by the Hall-Petch relation; however, the uniform elongation versus grain size is not well understood yet. A simple model involving the densities of geometrically necessary dislocations and statistically stored dislocations was proposed to estimate the uniform elongation versus grain size. Existing data for low carbon steels and aluminum indicate that, in the grain size less than 1 mu m, the materials usually exhibit high strength and low uniform elongation and, in the grain size greater than 10 mu m, the materials usually exhibit low strength and high elongation; in either case the toughness is low. However, in the grain size of several micrometers, the toughness is the highest. It is suggested that we should pay more attention to develop the metallic materials with grain size of several micrometers for structural applications. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics.
关键词:
nanocrystalline copper;nanostructured metal;steels;deformation;ductility;law
材料科学技术（英文）
The deformation, damage, fracture, plasticity and melting phenomenon induced by shear fracture were investigated and summarized for Zr-, Cu-, Ti- and Mg-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) and their composites. The shear fracture angles of these BMG materials often display obvious differences under compression and tension, and follow either the Mohr-Coulomb criterion or the unified tensile fracture criterion. The compressive plasticity of the composites is always higher than the tensile plasticity, leading to a significant inconsistency. The enhanced plasticity of BMG composites containing ductile dendrites compared to monolithic glasses strongly depends on the details of the microstructure of the composites. A deformation and damage mechanism of pseudo-plasticity, related to local cracking, is proposed to explain the inconsistency of plastic deformation under tension and compression. Besides, significant melting on the shear fracture surfaces was observed. It is suggested that melting is a common phenomenon in these materials with high strength and high elastic energy, as it is typical for BMGs and their composites failing under shear fracture. The melting mechanism can be explained by a combined effect of a significant temperature rise in the shear bands and the instantaneous release of the large amount of elastic energy stored in the material.
关键词:
bulk metallic glasses (BMGs);mechanical properties;shear fracture;failure criterion;plastic deformation;melting phenomenon;supercooled liquid region;fatigue-crack-propagation;nanostructure-dendrite composite;soft-magnetic properties;serrated;plastic-flow;ni amorphous-alloys;ti-based composites;in-situ;formation;cu-be alloy;high-strength
Ke LU
,
Jian LU
材料科学技术（英文）
In this paper, a concept of surface nanocrystallization (SNC) of metallic materials is introduced. Three types of SNC processes are classified. Different SNC mechanisms and possible techniques for SNC are discussed with emphasis on mechanically induced surface self-nanocrystallization. Further development and prospects are addressed with respect to the properties and behaviors of the materials with a nanocrystalline surface. Enhancement of the behavior of the engineering materials by means of the SNC technology and its industrial application possibilities are analyzed.
关键词:
Materials Transactions
Surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) technique was developed to synthesize a nanostructured surface layer on metallic materials for upgrading their overall properties and performance. In this paper, the grain refinement process during SMAT was investigated in materials with low stacking fault energies (SFE, Inconel 600 alloy and AISI 304 stainless steel) by means of transmission electron microscopy and high-resolution electron microscopy, respectively. Grain subdivision was performed by the interaction of mechanical microtwins with dislocations in Inconel 600. For AISI 304 stainless steel with a lower SFE, twin-twin intersections subdivide initial grains into refined blocks with sizes ranging from nanometers to submicrometers. Such grain subdivision processes of the interaction of microtwins with dislocations or microtwins obviously differ from those observed in the high SFE materials in which dislocation interactions predominate the grain refinement.
关键词:
nanostructured materials;surface mechanical attrition treatment;grain;refinement;mechanical twin;304 stainless-steel;nanocrystalline materials;layer;evolution;copper;grain;iron
