崔忠兴
腐蚀学报（英文）
油井缓蚀剂研究与应用崔忠兴(中原油田设计院,濮阳457001)1.前言中原油田已进入高含水期,油井系统腐蚀严重,直接影响了油田的正常生产l’].为了解决油井系统腐蚀问题,在中科院腐蚀所的专种“基础f,联合开发研制了!MC—SDeZS油井缓蚀剂.该剂以合成炔氧甲基胺和炔氧甲基季法盐衍生物,以这两种衍生物为主体成分复配辅助成分而成的水溶油分散吸附成股型缓蚀剂l’1.通过室内高温高压模拟评价试验.ZI口油井加药试验及测试表明l‘],平?...
关键词:
null
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inhibitor
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IMC-80-2S
Y.D.Xiao
,
W.X.Li
,
D.Jacovkis
,
M.T.Clavaguera-Mora
,
J.Rodriguez-Viejo
,
N.Clavaguera
金属学报(英文版)
Rapidly solidified Al87Ni7Cu3Nd3 metallic glasses, prepared by using melt spinning, were treated under both isothermal and non-isothermal regime. The amorphous rib-bon and the annealed samples were closely examined by means of differential scan-ning calorimetric, conventional X-ray diffraction and high resolution transmission electron microscopy with selected-area electron diffraction, with special interest in pri-mary crystallization into α-Al nanocrystalline particles, in order to understand struc-tural characteristics of Al-based amorphous/nanocrystalline alloys, and nucleation and grain growth mechanism on the nanometer scale during primary crystallization. The results show that, the as-prepared ribbons are fully amorphous and homogeneous in the micron scale, but contain high density of quenched-in clusters or crystallite embryos. Primary crystallization mainly leads to formation of two-phase mixture of α-Al crystal and residual amorphous phase. The annealed ribbons exposed isother-mally at 110℃ for 5, 130 minutes and heated continuously up to less than 310℃ at 40℃/min consist of large amount of α-Al fec crystal nanoparticles dispersed uni-formly in an amorphous matrix. However, a very little amount of finer orthorhombic Al3Ni intermetalics particles exist in the annealed ribbons heated up to 310℃. During primary crystallization, the leading kinetic mechanics to impede growth of the α-Al crustal is soft impinaement, instead of geometric impinqement.
关键词:
rapid solidification
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null
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null
材料研究学报
1994年度高分子材料学科面上基金的申请和评审简况1994年度高分子材料学科的面上项目的各项工作已于八月初基本完成.与L年度情况相比,申请项目总数由259项减到242项,其中高技术探索项目由ZI项增为26项,申请经费平均强度由8.16万元/项,增至8,74万元/项本年度共有90个单位申请,其中对个科学院或部门研究所申请54项,67所高等院校或所属研究所申请188项.按照“依靠专家,发挥民主,择优支持,公正合理”的评审方针,共述选了41项予以资?...
关键词:
Intermetallics
The present paper investigates the bulk metallic,lass formation ill Cu-Zr-Al and Cu-Zr-Ti ternary systems by using the cluster line criterion. The binary basic Clusters are first selected for constructing cluster lines. Three cluster selection rules are proposed: topologically dense packing, chemical short-range order and composition distance to deep eutectics. Three Cu-Zr clusters Cu8Zr5, Cu6Zr5 and Cu5Zr6 are selected according to the three rules. The bulk metallic glass-forming ranges in these two systems are determined. The thermal characteristic parameters of the Cu-Zr-Al BMGs on every composition line increase with increasing Al content and decrease with increasing Ti content in the Cu-Zr-Ti glass-forming range. The optimum bulk amorphous compositions in the Cu-Zr-Al system are Cu58.1Zr35.9Al6 and Cu39.7Zr47.1Al13.2, respectively, located in Cu8Zr5-Al and Cu5Zr6-Al Cluster lines. In the Cu-Zi-Ti system, the Cu64Zr28.5Ti7.5 composition with the largest T-g/T-l is located in Cu9Zr4-Ti cluster line and the Cu57.6Zr32.4Ti10 composition with the largest glass-forming ability is located in Cu64Zr36-Ti line. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
关键词:
glasses, metallic;alloy design;ternary alloy systems;mechanical-properties;thermal-stability;amorphous-alloys;forming;ability
李林
,
林坚
,
李筱玉
,
王爱琴
,
王晓东
,
张涛
催化学报
doi:10.1016/S1872-2067(16)62578-0
多相催化反应过程伴随着反应分子与催化剂表面之间的相互作用.这种相互作用强度与催化剂的反应性能密切相关.根据萨巴蒂尔原理(Sabatier principle),性能最优的催化剂与反应中间体之间应该具有适中的相互作用强度,一方面促进反应物活化,另一方面允许产物脱附.这样,测量和研究反应分子与催化剂之间的相互作用强度对于理解催化反应性能有非常重要的意义.当气体反应物接触到催化剂表面会伴随着热量的产生,该热量被定义为吸附热,并与吸附物种与催化剂之间形成的化学键强度直接相关.吸附热通常可以通过程序升温脱附(TPD)等方法间接获得.但是这些方法建立在吸附物种能够可逆地吸附和脱附的假设基础上.在实际的程序升温过程中,吸附物种通常会发生分解,并伴随着固体催化剂的重构等现象.因此,采用基于Tian-Calvet原理的热流量热计直接测量担载催化剂的吸附热是最可靠的吸附热测量方法.基于热流量热计测量的微量热技术的一个重要优点是采用合适的探针分子吸附,可以获得担载型催化剂表面吸附活性中心的数量、强度及其能量分布的定量信息.比如,采用碱性探针分子NH3或者吡啶,酸性探针分子CO2或SO2能够定量催化剂上酸-碱位的强度和数量,而金属催化剂活性中心可以应用H2或CO进行探测.当这些催化剂活性中心的定量表征结果与催化剂的反应活性测试结果相关联时,可以区分不同强度活性中心的反应性能,并为提高和改进催化剂性能提供研制方向.相对于NH3或CO等小分子气体,催化反应的反应物、产物或可能的中间体通常都是复杂分子,程序升温技术测量它们的吸附热时,这些分子通常会发生分解,限制了其吸附热的测量和研究.微量热技术能够直接测量这些分子的吸附热.因此,与催化反应活性相关联,反应物、产物或可能的中间体的吸附能量的测量和研究有利于更直接地认识催化剂的反应性能.在催化反应循环过程中,除了吸附,还包括表面反应和脱附步骤.这些步骤也伴随着吸附物种与催化剂之间键的形成与转换,并以热量的形式表现出来.测量这些热量对于认识催化反应过程,理解催化反应机理有重要的意义.热流量热计与催化微反系统相结合,为催化反应过程能量的测量和研究提供了可能.尽管微量热技术在测量担载型催化剂的吸附/反应能量并与反应性能相关联方面有其独特的优势,但是为了更好地用于催化研究,应该结合其它的表征技术(比如红外)确定吸附或反应物种的本质,结合理论计算对量热结果进行更好地补充和认识.本文综述了担载型催化剂的吸附/反应能量与反应性能关联的研究进展,指出了微量热技术在催化研究中的优势、不足,以及未来的研究方向.
关键词:
催化
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微量热
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反应性能
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能量
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键强
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催化剂表征
