WADSWORTH Jeffrey and FLUSS Michael(Chemistry and Materials Science Directorate
,
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
,
Livermore
,
CA 94551)
金属学报(英文版)
The role of the National Laboratories is summarized from the era of post World War II to the present time. The U.S. federal government policy for the National Laboratories and its influence on their materials science infrastructure is reviewed with respect to .determining overall research strategies, various initiatives to interact with industry (especially in recent years),building facilities that serve the nation, and developing leading edge research in the materials sciences. Despite reductions in support for research in the U.S. in recent years, and uncertainties regarding the specific policies for Research &Development (R&D) in the U.S., there are strong roles for materials research at the National Laboratories. These roles will be centered on the abilities of the National Laboratories to field multidisciplinary teams, the use of unique cutting edge facilities, a focus on areas of strength within each of the labs,increased teaming and partnerships, and the selection of motivated research areas. It is hoped that such teaming opportunities will include new alliances with China, in a manner similar, perhaps, to those recently achieved between the U.S. and other countries.
关键词:
: U.S. Materials Science. U.S. National Laboratories and Facilities
,
null
LIU Guoquan Department of Materials Science and Engineering
,
University of Science and Technology Beijing
,
100083
,
China.
材料科学技术（英文）
Quantitative analysis of populations having a geometric structure,which has developed into a special scientific subject called microstructology or stereology,is of great importance to the characterization and evaluation of microstructures and their evolution in various processes.This paper, besides a brief discussion on those topics such as the recent developments of computer assisted image analysis,mathematical morphology,and fractal analysis,will mainly focus on the scope,fundamen- tals,present status,and perspectives of classical stereology.Several case examples of its application to materials science will also be given.
关键词:
stereology
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null
,
null
,
null
Douxing LI and Hengqiang YE (Laboratory of Atomic imaging of Solids
,
Institute of Metal Research
,
Chinese Academy of Sciences
,
Shenyang
,
110015
,
China)
材料科学技术（英文）
The present paper summarizes the current status of high resolution electron microscopy (HREM)and the applications of HREM to materials science and condensed matter physics. This review recounts the latest development of high resolution electron microscope, progress of HREM and the applications of HREM, including the crystal structure determination of microcrystalline materials and characterization of the local structure of the defects and nanostructured materials as well as qualitative and quantitative analysis of the grain boundaries, interfaces and interfacial reactions in the advanced materials by means of HREM in combination with electron diffraction,subnanometer level analysis, image simulation and image processing.
关键词:
N.V.Ch
,
ra Shekar
,
P.Ch.Sahu
,
K.Govinda Rajan
材料科学技术（英文）
Laser-heated diamond-anvil cell (LHDAC) is emerging as the most suitable, economical and versatile tool for the measurement of a large spectrum of physical properties of materials under extreme pressure and temperature conditions. In this review, the recent developments in the instrumentation, pressure and temperature measurement techniques, results of experimental investigations from the literature were discussed. Also, the future scope of the technique in various avenues of science was explored.
关键词:
Laser heating
,
null
,
null
,
null
新型炭材料
The 2011 Annual World Conference on Carbon (Carbon 2011) was held in Shanghai, China, during 24-29 July, 2011. This conference was hosted jointly by East China University of Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, and Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences. About 800 attendees from 42 countries/regions participated in this conference, and 797 papers were accepted for presentation, including 5 plenary lectures, 42 keynote lectures, 280 oral presentations, and 470 posters, involving 10 topics: graphene; nanocarbon, carbon for energy storage and conversion, porous carbon and adsorption, carbon fiber and composites, precursor/carbonization and graphitization, computation and modeling, bio-carbon and safety, novel experimental techniques and characterization, bulk carbon and industrial applications. Research and development of nanocarbons are quite active and in particular, graphene received tremendous interest. Rapid progress has also been made on the electrochemical properties, energy conversion and energy storage applications of carbon materials.
关键词:
