Z.X Qinand Y.S. Zhang(Department of Materials Science and Engineering
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Dalian Railway Institute
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Dalian 116028
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China)
金属学报(英文版)
The hyperfine interactions of two shape memory alloys have been studied by Mossbauer effect measurement at various temperatures. The Mossbauer spectra exhibit a mag-netic change from antiferro magnetic state to paramagnetic state when the temperuture rises. The Fe-Mn-Si alloys have a small hyperfine field and silicon element increases the hyperfine field and magnetic susceptibility. Thermo-induced γ→ ε trunsforma-tions are suppressed by Neel transition and by increasing carbon content, whereas stress induced γ→ ε transformation occurs in both alloys. Antiferromagnetic spin order can suppress thermo-induced γ→εtransformations efficiently, but cannot sup-press stress induced γ → ε transformation.
关键词:
phase transformation
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Andrej Atrens
材料科学技术（英文）
Corrosion research by Atrens and co-workers has made significant contributions to the understanding of the service performance of engineering materials. This includes: (1) elucidated corrosion mechanisms of Mg alloys, stainless steels and Cu alloys, (2) developed an improved understanding of passivity in stainless steels and binary alloys such as Fe-Cr, Ni-Cr, Co-Cr, Fe-Ti, and Fe-Si, (3) developed an improved understanding of the melt spinning of Cu alloys, and (4) elucidated mechanisms of environment assisted fracture (EAF) of steels and Zr alloys. This paper summarises contributions in the following: (1) intergranular stress corrosion cracking of pipeline steels, (2) atmospheric corrosion and patination of Cu, (3) corrosion of Mg alloys, and (4) transgranular stress corrosion cracking of rock bolts.
关键词:
Stress corrosion cracking
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LIU Guoquan Department of Materials Science and Engineering
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University of Science and Technology Beijing
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100083
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China.
材料科学技术（英文）
Quantitative analysis of populations having a geometric structure,which has developed into a special scientific subject called microstructology or stereology,is of great importance to the characterization and evaluation of microstructures and their evolution in various processes.This paper, besides a brief discussion on those topics such as the recent developments of computer assisted image analysis,mathematical morphology,and fractal analysis,will mainly focus on the scope,fundamen- tals,present status,and perspectives of classical stereology.Several case examples of its application to materials science will also be given.
关键词:
stereology
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Materials Science & Engineering C-Biomimetic Materials Sensors and Systems
Bamboo, one of the strongest natural structural composite materials, has many distinguishing features. It has been found that its reinforcement unit, hollow, multilayered and spirally-wound bast fiber, plays an extremely important role in its mechanical behavior. In the present work, on the basis of the study on bamboo bast fiber and wood tracheid, a biomimetic model of the reinforcing element, composed of two layers of helically wound fiber, was suggested. To detect the structural characteristics of such a microstructure, four types of macro fiber specimens made of engineering composites were employed: axially aligned solid and hollow cylinders, and single- and double-helical hollow cylinders. These specimens were subjected to several possible loadings, and the experimental results reveal that only the double-helical structural unit possesses the optimum comprehensive mechanical properties. An interlaminar transition zone model imitating bamboo bast fiber was proposed and was verified by engineering composite materials. In our work, the transition zone can increase the interlaminar shear strength of the composite materials by about 15%. These biomimetic structural models can be applied in the design and manufacture of engineering composite materials.
关键词:
bamboo;bast fiber;biomimetics;engineering composites
Science
Strengthening materials traditionally involves the controlled creation of internal defects and boundaries so as to obstruct dislocation motion. Such strategies invariably compromise ductility, the ability of the material to deform, stretch, or change shape permanently without breaking. Here, we outline an approach to optimize strength and ductility by identifying three essential structural characteristics for boundaries: coherency with surrounding matrix, thermal and mechanical stability, and smallest feature size finer than 100 nanometers. We assess current understanding of strengthening and propose a methodology for engineering coherent, nanoscale internal boundaries, specifically those involving nanoscale twin boundaries. Additionally, we discuss perspectives on strengthening and preserving ductility, along with potential applications for improving failure tolerance, electrical conductivity, and resistance to electromigration.
关键词:
strain-rate sensitivity;stacking-fault energy;nano-scale twins;cu-al;alloys;nanocrystalline metals;mechanical-properties;activation;volume;copper;deformation;behavior
Applied Physics a-Materials Science & Processing
The Pr(1+x)Ba(2-x)Cu(3)O(7+/-delta) solid solution was investigated by means of X-ray powder diffraction combined with Rietveld analysis. A Pr123 single phase could be synthesized under Pr-rich conditions by sintering at 950 degreesC in air. The solubility range of Pr(1+x)Ba(2-x)Cu(3)O(7+/-delta) solid solution is 0.08 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.80. The structure of Pr(1+x)Ba(2-x)Cu(3)O(7+/-delta) for 0.08 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.30 is orthorhombic. The structure transforms into tetragonal for 0.30 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.80. To form the Pr123 single phase, the Ba sites in the Pr123 structure must have partial Pr ions, and the least amount is x = 0.08. Ba ions cannot occupy the sites of Pr ions. In the Pr123 structure, Ca ions can replace Pr ions; the highest value is x = 0.4 in the PrBa(2-x)Ca(x)Cu(3)O(7+/-delta) system under our experimental conditions. However, Ca ions cannot replace B a ions. The ionic radius plays a more important role than the chemical properties in the substitution between Pr, Ba and Ca ions in the Pr123 structure.
关键词:
cu-o system;approximately 950-degrees-c;superconductivity;diagram;pr;growth;nd;prba2cu3o7-delta;praseodymium;property
Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids
The changes of Mn-Y (Y = S, Se, Te) bond lengths R with the Mn composition x in the diluted magnetic semiconductors Zn1-xMnxY are calculated from the optical spectra and their pressure shifts. The calculated results suggest that the Mn-Y bond lengths change little with the Mn composition x-much less than expected from lattice parameters as determined by X-ray diffraction. These results are also in good agreement with the observed values obtained from the EXAFS measurements. It appears that for ternary A(1-x)M(x)Y (M denotes the divalent transition-metal ion) alloys the changes of M-Y bond lengths R with the M composition x can be studied from their optical spectrum data. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
关键词:
semiconductors;high pressure;crystal fields;luminescence;light;properties;absorption fine-structure;local-structure;dependence;pressure;exafs
QIAO Lijie LIU Rui XIAO Jimei University of Science and Technology Beijing
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Beijing
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China
金属学报(英文版)
The effects of stress components on nucleation sites and propagation directions of stress cor- rosion cracks in brass were investigated with specimens under mode Ⅱ and mode Ⅲ loadings. The results indicated that under mode Ⅱ loading,stress corrosion cracks nucleated on the site with maximum normal stress component and propagated along the plane perpendieular to the maximum normal stress,under mode Ⅲ loading,the stress corrosion crack was not evident on the 45°plane due to the general corrosion in aqueous solution with high NH_4OH concentra- tion,while stress corroded in aqueous solution with low NH_4OH concentration, numerous cracks with spacings of 10—150μm were found on the 45°plane with maximum normal stress and no stress corrosion cracks was observed on the plane with maximum shear stress.
关键词:
stress corrosion cracking
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