Xiaobo LI
金属学报(英文版)
The characteristic crystal model is applied to the study of phase stability and thermodynamics in substitutional bcc-based Ta-W alloys. The basic principle and method of alloy thermodynamics which is described by the characteristic crystal model is introduced in detail. The Gibbs energy of various phases including both disordered and ordered phases of the Ta-W system are evaluated. The phase diagram of Ta-W alloys is assessed and predicted. The results are in good agreement with experiments and better than that of first principle.
关键词:
Ta-W alloys
,
phase diagram
,
characteristic crystal model
,
thermodynamics
,
phase stability
Ximiao PAN
,
Zhanpeng JIN
材料科学技术（英文）
The phase equilibrium relations of the ternary Ni-Cr-Zr system at 900°C have been investigated by means of diffusion triple and electron probe microanalysis (EMPA) techniques. A series of tie lines and triangles have been determined, and the corresponding tentative isothermal section is presented based on the current information.
关键词:
Nickel
,
null
,
null
,
null
孙大鹏
,
赵永慧
,
苏海燕
,
李微雪
催化学报
doi:10.1016/S1872-2067(12)60604-4
采用从头算原子热力学方法系统研究了Ni-rich和Pt-rich条件下Pt3Ni(111)在不同偏析、表面化学吸附氧覆盖度下560个可能结构的相对稳定性,构建了氧气气氛下Pt3Ni(111)表面结构演化、直至满覆盖化学吸附氧的热力学相图.结果表明,随着氧的化学势的升高,在热力学上仅出现两类稳定的结构,主要包括没有化学吸附氧的干净Pt-skin表面,以及在很低氧的化学势下就形成自含有化学吸附氧的Ni-skin表面,而有化学吸附氧的PtNi表面合金化的中间结构则处于亚稳态.仔细分析发现,这些结构的形成主要由金属的偏析能、氧与两种金属成键强弱的差别、氧的化学势的高低三个因素共同决定.
关键词:
Pt3Ni
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氧气
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偏析
,
相图
,
从头算
黄俊杰
,
宋艳英
,
马冬冬
,
郑燕萍
,
陈明树
,
万惠霖
催化学报
doi:10.1016/S1872-2067(17)62857-2
Pt是一类高效、稳定的催化剂,但Pt资源短缺且价格昂贵,限制了其广泛商业化应用.合金化可以使Pt的用量大为减少,且往往能显著提高其催化性能,因而广泛应用于多相催化和电催化.其中PtCu合金是一类很有前景的催化剂,Cu资源丰富、价格低廉,不仅降低了成本,而且由于合金效应提高了催化剂的活性和稳定性.由于合金的粒径、形状、组成及结构是影响其催化性能的重要因素,目前研究大多关注这些特征的可控合成.然而,大多工业金属催化剂都是负载于氧化物上以提高催化性能,合金纳米粒子的形貌以及表面组成因与载体作用而发生改变,也就是所谓的载体效应.这体现在金属/氧化物界面处,能够促进金属粒子分散、改变其形貌甚至化学态、进而改变其催化性能,其中最具代表性的金属-载体强相互作用.因此,研究不同氧化物载体上合金催化剂的分散度、表面组成、化学态,特别是不同气氛的影响,对明确影响催化剂性能的关键控制因素非常重要.但是由于多相催化剂的复杂性,且表面灵敏的测试手段很少,目前相关报道还不多.近年发展起来的高灵敏度低能离子散射谱(HS-LEIS)是表面层灵敏的测试技术,可以测定最表面层的组成和含量.本文采用溶剂热共还原法成功制备了均一单相、粒径分布较窄的PtCux合金纳米颗粒,并运用浸渍法将其负载在TiO2载体上,以保证载体上纳米粒子组成的均一性.应用准原位X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)和高HS-LEIS对负载的PtCu合金纳米催化剂在不同条件处理后的表面组成和化学状态进行表征,发现催化剂的表面组成、分布、形貌和化学状态显著受到载体和处理条件的影响,同时得到负载和未负载的催化剂表面组成与体相组成关系的相图.结果表明,PtCux/TiO2催化剂在连续氧化过程中,Cu被氧化并较好在载体表面铺展,Pt-Cu合金状态被破坏,Pt可能主要形成单一金属的纳米粒子,并在界面处形成Ptδ+.在连续还原过程中,部分被还原的Cu,与Pt形成富Pt合金粒子.催化剂表面层主要是Cu,Pt很少,与体相组成有很大差别,说明载体对Cu的分散起到重要作用.
关键词:
铂铜合金
,
双金属催化剂
,
表面组成
,
相图
,
原位X-射线光电子能谱-低能离子散射谱
Weiyan LÜ
,
Lin LI
,
Li WANG
,
Yanlin HE
,
Shuigen HUANG
材料科学技术（英文）
Phase diagram information of the Fe-C, Fe-Al and Al-C systems are reviewed and the Fe-Al-C system is assessed. A FeAlC database is created by combining a set of thermodynamic parameters established by Kumar and SSOL database in Thermo-Calc software package. Ternary phase diagrams are calculated with FeAlC and the newly developed Thermo-Calc databases SSOL2 and SSOL4. The FeAlC database is the best one to describe the Fe-Al-C system. A1 and A3 values on the vertical section containing 1.5 wt pct Al are calculated with the FeAlC database in this work. To validate the thermodynamic calculation, critical temperatures Ac1 and Ac3 are determined by using dilatometer analysis. There exist some errors between the calculated values and the experimental results. So further optimization of the Fe-Al-C system regarding bcc and fcc phases is necessary. The experimental data in this work could be of some value in further optimization.
关键词:
Fe-Al-C
,
null
,
null
